A computer hacker is a person with deep domain expertise in the fields of computers, who explores methods to overcome the defense mechanisms by exploiting vulnerabilities in a computer system or network. Whenever we listen to the word ‘Hacker’, we imagine a guy with black hood, sitting alone in a room, having multiple screens in front of him and typing commands at a blazing speed! In reality, that is not the case. For that purpose, we will look at the basics of ethical hacking and its steps, after which we shall understand scanning and its types, take a deep dive into network scanning and finally look at some tools which are used in the industry for various types of scanning. Generally, after reconnaissance, scanning is the second step of any hacking attempt. Scanning is an integral part of ethical hacking, and without understanding the basics of ethical hacking, we would not be able to do justice to this topic.
However, in this article, we will focus mainly on network scanning and will only briefly touch upon application and website scanning. Scanning is not only done on the network it could also be application scanning, or website scanning, depending on the need. This information may be as simple as the active hosts within the network, to complex discoveries like gathering the OS of the hosts, open ports and active vulnerabilities on the host. Network Scanning is a process where an attacker uses tools and techniques to gather information about the target. Security engineers, hackers, and researchers often use various kinds of scanning in the course of their work. Scanning is a technique which is very widely used in the cyber security domain. As per the Oxford dictionary, “Scanning” is defined as “to look at all parts of (something) carefully in order to detect some feature”.
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